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<p>Preface xxi</p> <p>Acknowledgment xxv</p> <p><b>1 Metaverse: A Study on Immersive Technologies 1</b><br /><i>Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 2</p> <p>1.2 Related Works and Contributions 16</p> <p>1.3 The Metaverse Architecture, Developments, and Tools 18</p> <p>1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Metaverse 28</p> <p>1.5 The Metaverse Challenges and Countermeasures 32</p> <p>1.6 Future Research Directions 32</p> <p><b>2 Metaverse and Blockchain 43</b><br /><i>Vaishnavi Raj. K.A., Shresta Rongali, Bathula Jaya Teja and Shaik Himam Saheb</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 44</p> <p>2.2 Preparatories of Blockchain 45</p> <p>2.3 Technical Understanding of Blockchain 48</p> <p>2.4 Advanced Applications of Blockchain in Various Sectors 50</p> <p>2.5 Web3 Technology 52</p> <p>2.6 Metaverse and Blockchain Technology 55</p> <p>2.7 Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality 59</p> <p>2.8 The Metaverse Projects 62</p> <p>2.9 Conclusion 63</p> <p><b>3 Blockchain in the Development of Metaverse 71</b><br /><i>Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 72</p> <p>3.2 Related Work 73</p> <p>3.3 Consensus Algorithms for Blockchain 75</p> <p>3.4 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) 77</p> <p>3.5 Blockchain in Metaverse 78</p> <p>3.6 Blockchain Metaverse 82</p> <p>3.7 Obstacles and Unresolved Problems 86</p> <p>3.8 What Other Problems in the Metaverse Can Blockchain Help With? 89</p> <p>3.9 Conclusion and Future Research Directions 90</p> <p><b>4 Revolution of the Metaverse and Blockchain Technology 97</b><br /><i>Sandeep Kumar Panda</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 98</p> <p>4.2 Blockchain 100</p> <p>4.3 The Metaverse 104</p> <p>4.4 Blockchain-Powered Metaverse 111</p> <p>4.5 Overview of Blockchain Use Cases in the Metaverse 116</p> <p>4.6 Conclusion 119</p> <p><b>5 Metaverse: The New Era in Medical Field 127</b><br /><i>M. Sreedhar, Shaik Himam Saheb and Kona Ravi Sandeep Kumar</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 128</p> <p>5.2 Discussion 136</p> <p>5.3 Medical Cloud Plus 140</p> <p>5.4 The Metaverse's Benefits and Drawbacks 141</p> <p>5.5 Applications of Metaverse in Various Fields 143</p> <p>5.6 Definition and Clinical Significance of Metaverse in Medicine 145</p> <p>5.7 Conclusions 152</p> <p><b>6 The Role of Immersive Reality (AR/VR/MR/XR) in Metaverse 159</b><br /><i>Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 160</p> <p>6.2 Related Works 161</p> <p>6.3 VR, AR, and MR's Responsibilities in the Metaverse 167</p> <p>6.4 The Contribution of AR/VR to the Metaverse Development 169</p> <p>6.5 How to Use the Metaverse Right Now 172</p> <p>6.6 Unresolved Issues 176</p> <p>6.7 Application for XR 178</p> <p>6.8 Challenges in the Metaverse 180</p> <p>6.9 Conclusion and Future Directions 183</p> <p><b>7 Advances in Design and Manufacturing of VR Headset 191</b><br /><i>Chandrashekhar Bendigeri and Devaraj E.</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 192</p> <p>7.2 Literature Survey 196</p> <p>7.3 Technically Enriched Advance Computation Technologies 204</p> <p>7.4 Arc Welding 205</p> <p>7.5 Virtual Manufacturing 205</p> <p>7.6 Virtual Reality 206</p> <p>7.7 Virtual Welding: An Innovation Towards Virtual Reality for Welding and Training 207</p> <p>7.8 Virtual Reality Metal Arc Welding System (VRMAWS) 208</p> <p>7.9 Software's and Hardware Used in VRMAW 208</p> <p>7.10 Virtual Design and Manufacturing 210</p> <p>7.11 Conclusion 212</p> <p><b>8 Augmented Reality in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 217</b><br /><i>Suresh Goka, Syed Quadir Moinuddin, Ashok Kumar Dewangan, Shaik Himam Saheb and Barla Madhavi</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 218</p> <p>8.2 AR System 220</p> <p>8.3 Case Studies 222</p> <p>8.4 Applications 226</p> <p>8.5 Conclusions 228</p> <p><b>9 Metaverse: Post-Pandemic Impact in Education 235</b><br /><i>C.V. Suresh Babu and P. Preethi</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 236</p> <p>9.2 Background of the Study 237</p> <p>9.3 Significance of the Study 239</p> <p>9.4 Metaverse in Education 242</p> <p>9.5 Research on Metaverse and Education Systems 243</p> <p>9.6 Research Questions 249</p> <p>9.7 Delimitations of the Study 251</p> <p>9.8 Proposed Methodology 252</p> <p>9.9 Characteristics of the Metaverse of Virtual Reality in Education 253</p> <p>9.10 Modern Social Interaction 253</p> <p>9.11 Using Virtualization to Produce Innovative Experiences That Are Highly Immersive 254</p> <p>9.12 Limitation 254</p> <p>9.13 Conclusions 254</p> <p><b>10 Inspection of Defects through Corneal Topography of a Healthy Retina 259</b><br /><i>V. V. Vidyasagar</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 260</p> <p>10.2 Structure of the Eye 260</p> <p>10.3 Perspective Scale Model of Eye 262</p> <p>10.4 Extended Reality Metaverse (XR) 267</p> <p>10.5 Computer-Aided Geometrical Design 268</p> <p>10.6 Human Eye Ball Model 270</p> <p>10.7 Keratoconus Characteristic Topographical Patterns 272</p> <p>10.8 Conclusion 290</p> <p><b>11 The Metaverse in Industry and Logistics 295</b><br /><i>M. Edwin, M. Saranya Nair and V. A. Nagarajan</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction: Metaverse -- State-of-the-Art 296</p> <p>11.2 Metaverse as Creative Freedom 301</p> <p>11.3 Development of Industrial Metaverse 302</p> <p>11.4 Typical Products/Services in Metaverse 304</p> <p>11.5 Role of Metaverse in Supply Chain 305</p> <p>11.6 Forecast of the First Application Areas 307</p> <p>11.7 Industrial Metaverse for Remote Manufacturing 308</p> <p>11.8 Impact of Industrial Metaverse in Manufacturing Industry 309</p> <p>11.9 Six Cases of Early Industrial and Commercial Metaverse Application 311</p> <p>11.10 Issues in Metaverse 314</p> <p>11.11 Challenges of Industrial Metaverse in Engineering Applications 315</p> <p>11.12 Metaverse Accelerates Economic Development for Emerging Economies 316</p> <p>11.13 The Metaverse in Logistics 316</p> <p>11.14 Conclusion 319</p> <p><b>12 Augmented Reality Applications in Gaming 325</b><br /><i>Rohan Harish, Abhiram Vollala and Shaik Himam Saheb</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 326</p> <p>12.2 Augmented Reality Technology 326</p> <p>12.3 History of AR 327</p> <p>12.4 Types of Augmented Reality 327</p> <p>12.5 Types of AR 331</p> <p>12.6 Monitor-Based 331</p> <p>12.7 Virtual Reality vs. Augmented Reality 332</p> <p>12.8 Issues in Augmented Reality 333</p> <p>12.9 Applications of Augmented Reality 333</p> <p>12.10 Advertisement 337</p> <p>12.11 Simulations 337</p> <p>12.12 Navigation 338</p> <p>12.13 Unity3D 340</p> <p>12.14 CAD 340</p> <p>12.15 Video Fames 340</p> <p>12.16 Theme Park 340</p> <p>12.17 Introduction of Unity3D 341</p> <p>12.18 About Augmented Reality Based on Unity3D 342</p> <p>12.19 The Main Technical Problem 342</p> <p>12.20 Conclusion 343</p> <p><b>13 Real-Time Applications of Virtual Reality 349</b><br /><i>R. Pranith, Kavali Maruthi and Shaik Himam Saheb</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 349</p> <p>13.2 History of VR 350</p> <p>13.3 Virtual Reality (VR) 353</p> <p>13.4 Uses of VR in Different Industrial Sectors 354</p> <p>13.5 VR in Gaming 355</p> <p>13.6 Benefits of VR in the Gaming Industry 356</p> <p>13.7 VR Technology for Business and Game Development 357</p> <p>13.8 Global Virtual Reality (VR) 357</p> <p>13.9 VR in the Indian Business Market 359</p> <p>13.10 Virtual Reality Technology 359</p> <p>13.11 Virtual Reality (VR) in Unity 364</p> <p>13.12 VR (Virtual Reality) Games 367</p> <p>13.13 Conclusion 373</p> <p><b>14 Real-Time Applications of Mixed Reality 379</b><br /><i>Sri Ganesh, Ram Pavan Reddy and Shaik Himam Saheb</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 379</p> <p>14.2 Technical Challenges 383</p> <p>14.3 Mixed Reality Research in Switzerland 388</p> <p>14.4 Current Challenges and Trends 391</p> <p>14.5 Peek into the Future 392</p> <p>14.6 Hologram Lens 393</p> <p>14.7 Pros and Cons of Mixed Reality 395</p> <p>14.8 Architecture of MR Systems 396</p> <p>14.9 Unity Development for VR and Windows Mixed Reality 397</p> <p>14.10 Future Research 398</p> <p>14.11 Conclusion 400</p> <p><b>15 Artificial Intelligence in the Development of Metaverse 407</b><br /><i>Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 408</p> <p>15.2 Related Works 408</p> <p>15.3 Artificial Intelligence 413</p> <p>15.4 Artificial Intelligence for the Metaverse: A Focus on Technical Aspects 419</p> <p>15.5 Artificial Intelligence for the Metaverse: Application Aspect 424</p> <p>15.6 The Metaverse's Artificial Intelligence Future 429</p> <p>15.7 Conclusion and Future Directions 430</p> <p><b>16 The Internet of Things in Developing Metaverse 437</b><br /><i>Dileep Kumar Murala and Sandeep Kumar Panda</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 438</p> <p>16.2 Related Works 442</p> <p>16.3 The Connection Between the Metaverse and the Internet of Things 444</p> <p>16.4 The Importance of Metaverse in the IoT 451</p> <p>16.5 IoT's Contribution to the Creation of the Metaverse 454</p> <p>16.6 Applications, Advantages and Challenges of IoT-Based Metaverse 455</p> <p>16.7 Conclusion 458</p> <p>References 460</p> <p>Index 467</p>

<p><b>Chandrashekhar A, PhD,</b> is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechatronics, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. He has 8 patents to his name and has published numerous research articles in international journals. <p><b>Shaik Himam Saheb, PhD,</b> is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechatronics Engineering, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. He has published numerous research articles in international journals. <p><b>Sandeep Kumar Panda, PhD,</b> is an associate professor in the Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Science and Technology, ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. He has published numerous research articles in international journals and has 18 Indian patents to his name. In 2020, he received the “Research and Innovation of the Year Award 2020” from the Govt. of India. <p><b>S. Balamurugan, PhD,</b> is the Director of Research and Development, Intelligent Research Consultancy Services (iRCS), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. He is also Director of the Albert Einstein Engineering and Research Labs (AEER Labs), as well as Vice-Chairman, Renewable Energy Society of India (RESI), India. He has published 45 books, 200+ international journals/conferences, and 35 patents. <p><b>Sheng-Lung Peng, PhD,</b> is a professor in the Department of Creative Technologies and Product Design, National Taipei University of Business, Taiwan. He is an honorary professor of Beijing Information Science and Technology, University of China, and a supervisor of the Chinese Information Literacy Association and of the Association of Algorithms and Computation Theory. He has published more than 120 international journal and conference papers.

<p><b>The book covers the multidimensional perspectives of the metaverse through the prism of virtual reality, augmented reality, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and IoT, ranging from rudimentary to advanced applications.</b> <p>This book provides a thorough explanation of how the technology behind metaverse and other virtual reality technologies are changing the world. The primary objective is to present the revolutionary innovation of the 21st century—the metaverse—and exhibit its wide range of applications in different domains. Although blockchain and VR/AR were the first popularly known applications of the metaverse, several other applications also exist. While some still believe the metaverse is overhyped, in reality, it is transforming almost every industry—healthcare, 3D, 4D, industry, game industry, business management, artificial intelligence, and IoT, just to name a few. <p>This technological breakthrough not only paved the way for virtual reality but also provided useful solutions for other areas of technology. The unique nature of the technology, which is a single, shared, immersive, persistent, 3D virtual space where humans experience life in ways not possible in the physical world, makes it suitable for all real-world applications; it has great potential to transform business, and companies are already in the race for different product offerings. <p><b>Audience</b> <p>AI and computer science researchers, engineers and graduate students, IT personnel in business as well as entrepreneurs and policymakers.

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