<p>Preface xv</p> <p><b>1 Development of Braking Systems in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 1</b><br /><i>Harpreet Singh Bedi, Shakti Raj Chopra and Krishan Arora</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 1</p> <p>1.2 Historical Background of Fuel Cell 2</p> <p>1.3 ADVISOR 3</p> <p>1.4 Why Hydrogen is Preferred 4</p> <p>1.5 What is a Fuel Cell? 4</p> <p>1.6 Working of Fuel Cells 4</p> <p>1.7 Types of Fuel Cells 5</p> <p>1.8 Block Diagram of Vehicle on MATLAB/Simulink 8</p> <p>1.9 Braking System in Vehicle 8</p> <p>1.10 Regenerative Braking System 9</p> <p>1.11 Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) 10</p> <p>1.12 Conclusion 15</p> <p><b>2 Design and Applications of Fuel Cells 19</b><br /><i>Pradeep Singh, Krishan Arora and Umesh C. Rathore</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 20</p> <p>2.2 Types of Electric Vehicles 21</p> <p>2.3 Design Equations of Fuel Cells 25</p> <p>2.4 Designing of Fuel Cells 29</p> <p>2.5 Types of Fuel Cells 30</p> <p>2.6 Solid Oxide FCs (SOFCs) 31</p> <p>2.7 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) 35</p> <p>2.8 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) 39</p> <p>2.9 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs) 43</p> <p>2.10 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) 46</p> <p>2.11 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) 50</p> <p>2.12 Parameters Affecting the Performance of FCs 54</p> <p><b>3 Smart Energy Management and Monitoring System for Electric Vehicles with IoT Integration 57</b><br /><i>Challa Krishna Rao, Sarat Kumar Sahoo and Franco Fernando Yanine</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 58</p> <p>3.2 The Control of Electric Vehicles Using IoT 59</p> <p>3.3 IoT Management Issues with Electric Vehicles 61</p> <p>3.4 Monitoring and Management Benefits of IoT 62</p> <p>3.5 Predictive Maintenance System with Fault Alerts 64</p> <p>3.6 IoT Management and Monitoring Issues with Electric Vehicles 65</p> <p>3.7 Microcontroller 68</p> <p>3.8 IoT-Based Systems for Battery Management and Monitoring 71</p> <p>3.9 Design of Battery Charge Control and Monitoring System 71</p> <p>3.10 Results and Discussion 73</p> <p>3.11 Conclusions 74</p> <p>3.12 Future Scope of IoT in Electric Vehicles 75</p> <p><b>4 A Review of Electric Vehicles: Technologies and Challenges 81</b><br /><i>N. Suthanthira Vanitha, L. Manivannan, K. Radhika, A. Karthikeyan and T. Meenakshi</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 82</p> <p>4.2 Electric Motors 82</p> <p>4.3 Power Electronic Converters 87</p> <p>4.4 Battery in Electric Vehicles 92</p> <p>4.5 Conclusion 97</p> <p><b>5 Electric Vehicle and Design Using MATLAB 101</b><br /><i>Vinay Anand and Himanshu Sharma</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 102</p> <p>5.2 Motivation 103</p> <p>5.3 Basic Fundamentals of EVs 104</p> <p>5.4 Why Electric Vehicles? 106</p> <p>5.5 Comparison Between ICV and EV 106</p> <p>5.6 Classification of EVs 107</p> <p>5.7 Design and Structure of EV 108</p> <p>5.8 Mathematical Model of an Electric Vehicle 115</p> <p>5.9 Control Strategy of EVs 116</p> <p>5.10 Design Methodology for Electric Vehicles (EVs) 117</p> <p>5.11 Latest Emerging Technology in EV 118</p> <p>5.12 Performance Valuation of BLDC Motor and Induction Motor for Electric Vehicle Propulsion Application 119</p> <p>5.13 Conclusion 125</p> <p><b>6 Model Order Reduction of Battery for Smart Battery Management System 129</b><br /><i>Dheeraj Kumar Dhaked, Aswant Kumar Sharma, Dhanesh Kumar Sambariya and Dinesh Birla</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 129</p> <p>6.2 Problem Formulation 131</p> <p>6.3 Modeling of Battery 132</p> <p>6.4 Methodology for Model Order Reduction 134</p> <p>6.5 Result and Discussion 137</p> <p>6.6 Conclusion 141</p> <p><b>7 Power Electronic Converters for Electric Vehicle Application 147</b><br /><i>P. Swati Patro, Sarat Kumar Sahoo and Fernando Yanine</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 148</p> <p>7.2 Types of Electrical Vehicle and Role of Power Electronic Converter 151</p> <p>7.3 Recent Development in Power Electronic Converter 158</p> <p>7.4 Power Electronic Converters in Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles 161</p> <p>7.5 Challenges in Power Electronic Vehicular System 162</p> <p>7.6 Conclusion 164</p> <p><b>8 Integrating Electric Vehicles Into Smart Grids Through Data Analytics: Challenges and Opportunities 167</b><br /><i>Vikram Kulkarni, Sarat Kumar Sahoo, Ketan Shah and Prapita Thanarak</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 168</p> <p>8.2 Smart Grid and Electric Vehicle 169</p> <p>8.3 Impact of Electric Vehicle--Based Data Analytics for Smart Grids 169</p> <p>8.4 Importance of Resource Availability, Price, and Load for EV 171</p> <p>8.5 Electric-Tariff Design Based on Impact of Electric Vehicle Usage 173</p> <p>8.6 Data Analytics for Electric Vehicles 174</p> <p>8.7 Machine Learning for EV Analytics 176</p> <p>8.8 What are the Different ML Algorithms Used by Authors for EV Analytics? 177</p> <p>8.9 Importance of Data Analysis in the EV Industry Using an Open Source Data 178</p> <p>8.10 Description of the Dataset 179</p> <p>8.11 Features and Factors That Influence the Prices of EVs 179</p> <p>8.12 Price Prediction of EVs 180</p> <p>8.13 Random Forest--Based Price Prediction of Electric Vehicles 185</p> <p>8.14 Machine Learning Model 187</p> <p>8.15 Electric Vehicle Usage in India 189</p> <p>8.16 The Challenges of Adopting EV in India 190</p> <p>8.17 How to Increase Renewable Energy in India to Meet EV Demand 191</p> <p><b>9 Hybrid Electrical Vehicle Designs 197</b><br /><i>T. Meenakshi, K. Mahendran, N. Suthanthira Vanitha and C. Shanmugam</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 197</p> <p>9.2 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles 198</p> <p>9.3 Classification of HEVs 199</p> <p>9.4 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) 201</p> <p>9.5 Hybrid Electric Vehicle System Design and Analysis 203</p> <p>9.6 Control Strategy in Series Hybrid Drivetrain Configuration 204</p> <p>9.7 Design of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles with Fuel Economy 209</p> <p>9.8 Conclusion 213</p> <p><b>10 EV Battery Charging System 215</b><br /><i>Balamurugan M., Narendiran S., Sarat Kumar Sahoo and Fernando Yanine</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 216</p> <p>10.2 Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure 217</p> <p>10.3 Power Electronics Converters Used for Charging System 219</p> <p>10.4 Control Strategies of EV Charging System 221</p> <p>10.5 Various Modes of Charging System 226</p> <p>10.6 Real-Time Challenges of EV Charging Infrastructure 227</p> <p><b>11 Optimization Algorithms and Computing Techniques for Electric Vehicles: Advancements in Computing and Algorithms 235</b><br /><i>S. Arun Mozhi, J. Nishanthy, S. Charles Raja and J. Jeslin Drusila Nesamalar</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 236</p> <p>11.2 Fundamental Optimization Techniques 238</p> <p>11.3 Problem Formulation of Optimal Solution 238</p> <p>11.4 Optimization Techniques 241</p> <p>11.5 Electric Vehicle 244</p> <p>11.6 Challenges in EV Implementation 250</p> <p>11.7 Optimization Techniques for Electric Vehicles 252</p> <p>11.8 Conclusion 261</p> <p><b>12 Economic Load Dispatch Solutions at Small, Medium, and Large Scales Utilizing Chaotic Spotted Hyena Optimization 265</b><br /><i>Tanuj Mishra, Amit Kumar Singh and Vikram Kumar Kamboj</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 266</p> <p>12.2 Unit Commitment and Economic Dispatch Process 267</p> <p>12.3 Optimization in Power System 268</p> <p>12.4 Hybrid Optimization Algorithm 273</p> <p>12.5 Chaotic Spotted Hyena Optimization Technique 274</p> <p>12.6 Economic Load Dispatch Problem 276</p> <p>12.7 Power Balance Equality Constraints 277</p> <p>12.8 Generator Power Limit Inequality Constraints 278</p> <p>12.9 Test Systems Results and Discussion 278</p> <p>12.10 Conclusion 288</p> <p><b>13 Simulation of Automatic Search of Charging Station for Electric Bikes 295</b><br /><i>Saroja S., Haseena S., Hariharan M. and Raghul Priyadharshan M.</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 296</p> <p>13.2 Related Works 298</p> <p>13.3 Methodology 299</p> <p>13.4 Load Balancing of Smart Grid 303</p> <p>13.5 Electric Bike Supply Equipment (EBSE) Algorithm 304</p> <p>13.6 Simulation 305</p> <p>13.7 Performance Metrics 307</p> <p>13.8 Method and Existing Method 308</p> <p><b>14 Self-Charging Electrical Vehicle Design and Analysis with MATLAB 313</b><br /><i>Ramchandra Sahani, Ishak Jamatia, Manas Daga, Pavan Kumar and Suman Lata Tripathi</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 313</p> <p>14.2 Natural Energy Sources for Self-Charging Electrical Vehicles 314</p> <p>14.2.1 Wind Energy 315</p> <p>14.3 Arduino-Based Control Systems in Electric Vehicles 323</p> <p>14.4 MATLAB-Based Simulation and Modeling for Self-Charging Electric Vehicles 325</p> <p>14.5 Electric Motor Model 327</p> <p>14.6 Results for Vehicle Performance 329</p> <p>14.7 Power Electronics Model 330</p> <p>14.8 Energy Management System 330</p> <p>14.9 Conclusion 333</p> <p>References 333</p> <p>Index 335</p>